We live in a noisy world. Some noises can damage our hearing, leading to hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and difficulty communicating especially in background noise. Permanent noise-induced hearing damage is incurable. If you cannot reduce your noise exposure by turning down the volume, moving away from the sound, or limiting the time you are exposed, hearing protection is your only option. But hearing protection comes in so many styles, materials, color, and sizes – how can you know which is best for you? National Protect Your Hearing Month is the perfect opportunity to discuss tips for picking the right hearing protector.
Figure 1: Selection of different hearing protection devices – Earplugs, Earmuffs, and Earbands
Obviously, the first consideration in choosing a hearing protector is whether it will block enough noise to reduce your exposure to a safe level. The good news is that most industrial noise exposures are less than 95 dBA, which means most workers require no more than about 10 dB of noise reduction to meet the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit of 85 dBA. Almost any hearing protector, when fit correctly, can provide 10 dB of sound reduction. If you do not know the noise levels at your worksite, you can measure them with an app such as the NIOSH Sound Level Meter.
Louder environments demand higher levels of noise reduction, but beware of reducing sound too much. Just as too little light can make it just as difficult to see as too much light, too little sound can make you feel isolated and less aware of their surroundings. Overprotection can be counterproductive, as you may feel the need to remove your hearing protector to hear someone speak or listen to your equipment. Aim for just enough noise reduction to bring your exposure down to 75-85 dBA.
The Noise Reduction Rating on hearing protector packaging represents the amount of noise the hearing protector blocked when tested in a laboratory, but workers usually get much less noise reduction on the job. The best way to know how much noise reduction you are getting from a hearing protector is by fit-testing. If fit-testing is not available at your workplace, you can check earplug fit by counting out loud while slowly cupping and uncupping your hands over your ears; if you have a good fit, your voice should sound about the same as you cup and uncup your ears. NIOSH QuickFitWeb can also be used to check if you are getting more or less than 15 dB of sound reduction.
If you are exposed to noise levels 100 dBA or greater (such as chainsaws or jackhammers) or if you are exposed to impulsive sounds (such as nail gun or weapons noise), you should wear double hearing protection (earmuffs over earplugs).
Workplace characteristics beyond noise levels also need to be considered in choosing the right hearing protector. For example, do you have to wear other head-level personal protective equipment (PPE), such as eye protection, a hard hat, or a respirator? Eye protection (and even some eyeglasses) can interfere with the seal of an earmuff around the ear, allowing sound to leak into the ear. Earmuffs can interfere with the fit of hardhats or helmets; some muffs have a “low-profile” headband or are designed to be mounted directly onto a hardhat or helmet, eliminating this problem. Make sure that your hearing protection is compatible with other safety equipment you use at work.
Consider also whether the noise at your job is continuous or if it stops and starts at various times during the day. Do you stay in the same place for most of the workday, or move from one area to another? Earmuffs are easier to remove and replace than earplugs, so they may be better for intermittent noise exposures. If earmuffs are not an option due to other issues (e.g., compatibility with other PPE), pre-formed earplugs may be easier to remove and replace than foam plugs. Level-dependent or sound restoration hearing protectors can also be useful for intermittent exposures; these types of hearing protection allow sound to pass through when the background noise levels are low and become protective when noise levels increase.
Do your hands frequently get dirty at work? If so, avoid using foam earplugs which must be rolled down with your fingers before insertion, unless hand-washing facilities are readily available and you have time to wash up each time you need to insert the earplugs. Do you work in a tight space? Earmuffs may not be compatible when working in a confined area. Is it very hot or very cold where you work? Earmuffs can be uncomfortable in hot environments; earmuff cushions can become ineffective in very cold environments.
Finally, think about how frequently you need to hear speech while wearing hearing protection. If spoken communication is common, or if high fidelity sound is important for other reasons (e.g., musicians), flat attenuation hearing protectors may be helpful. Special communication headsets can also improve speech communication in very loud environments.
Once you have narrowed your selection down to hearing protectors that are appropriate for your noise exposure and compatible with your worksite and job tasks, the choice is completely up to you! However, hearing protection only works if you wear it consistently and correctly every time you are exposed to hazardous noise, so choose a protector that is comfortable and convenient.
Many people find earplugs more comfortable than earmuffs, especially when worn for long periods of time or in in hot environments. Earplugs are lightweight, easy to store, and convenient to keep on hand for unexpected exposures. However, earplugs may be harder to learn to fit properly. Some earplugs come in different sizes, so you may need help determining which size is correct for you. If your ear canals are very narrow or very curvy, it may be difficult to find an earplug that will fit. Earplugs are usually inexpensive, but they need to be replaced frequently; some earplugs are designed to be used once only and then discarded.
Earmuffs, on the other hand, are generally one-size devices. Many people find them easier to fit properly and consistently. Earmuffs are easier to remove and replace quickly, so they can be preferable for intermittent use. They are bulkier than earplugs and may be uncomfortable in warm places or tight spaces. They are more expensive, but more durable and last longer than earplugs.
Hearing health relies on knowing how to protect your hearing and how to select the right form of hearing protection. This National Protect Your Hearing Month, take a few minutes to make sure you are using the best hearing protection for your work tasks. Then, wear it every time you are exposed to noise levels above 85 dBA. Your ears will thank you!
CAPT William J. Murphy, Ph.D., is a research physicist with the NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology.
Christa L. Themann, MA, CCC-A, is a research audiologist with the NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology.
CAPT Chucri (Chuck) A. Kardous, MS, PE, is a research engineer with the NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology.
CAPT David C. Byrne, Ph.D., CCC-A, is a research audiologist with the NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology.
Additional resources:
NIOSH Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Best practice bulletin: Hearing protection-emerging trends: Individual Fit Testing
Hearing protection – OSH WIKI
Hearing loss is a growing concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. One of the leading causes of hearing impairment is noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), a condition that can be entirely preventable. In this guide, we provide expert tips for choosing the best hearing protection and reducing your risk of noise-induced hearing loss.
When it comes to selecting the right hearing protection, there are several crucial factors to consider. Whether you’re looking to safeguard your hearing during recreational activities or seeking protection in a noisy work environment, making an informed choice can significantly impact your long-term hearing health.
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) is a critical factor to consider when choosing the best hearing protection for your needs. NRR is a numerical rating assigned to hearing protection devices, typically indicated on their packaging. This rating represents the maximum number of decibels (dB) the device can reduce the intensity of noise. For example, if a pair of earplugs has an NRR of 25 dB, wearing them correctly can reduce the noise entering your ears by up to 25 dB.
Understanding NRR is essential as it helps you select the best hearing protection to provide adequate defense against noise-induced hearing loss. Keep in mind that achieving proper noise reduction also depends on wearing the protection correctly. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper usage to safeguard your hearing effectively.
Properly fitting hearing protection is crucial for effectively blocking out noise. A snug fit ensures that sound cannot penetrate the protection, providing you with optimal safety. Custom-made hearing protection may be necessary if you have unique ear shapes or specific comfort preferences.
The lifespan of your hearing protection varies depending on the type you choose. Some require regular replacement, while others offer long-term usability. Understanding the lifespan of your protection and knowing how to clean and maintain it properly is essential to ensure it remains effective and hygienic over time.
Consider the specific environment and activity for which you need hearing protection. Different scenarios, such as attending a music concert, visiting a shooting range, or swimming, may require varying protection solutions. Additionally, think about the balance between protection and situational awareness. This is especially important in scenarios where you must remain aware of your surroundings.
By carefully evaluating the environment and activity at hand, you can make informed decisions about the type of hearing protection that best suits your needs. Remember that the right choice of protection helps reduce your risk of noise-induced hearing loss while allowing you to enjoy the activities you love or work safely in noisy environments.
When it comes to safeguarding your hearing, there are several types of hearing protection options, some of which are more appropriate for specific scenarios than others. Understanding these options is essential in selecting the right hearing protection for your specific needs.
Disposable earplugs are affordable hearing protection options, that are also widely available in drugstores and convenience stores. These small, foam, or rubber earplugs are also incredibly compact and portable, and their hygienic one-time use eliminates the need for cleaning and maintenance.
To use them, you roll the earplug into a narrow cylinder, insert it gently into your ear canal, and allow it to expand to create a seal. However, remember that you should replace disposable earplugs after each use since they have a limited lifespan. Additionally, they may not provide as high a noise reduction rating as other options. Always reference the NRR on the packaging to ensure they will provide sufficient noise reduction to meet or exceed the environment you will be in.
Reusable earplugs may have a higher initial cost compared to their disposable counterparts, but they are incredibly cost-effective in the long run. They can also be a more environmentally friendly option as they reduce waste compared to one-time-use earplugs. Reusable earplugs are typically made of a durable silicone material, that will require regular cleaning to maintain their effectiveness and hygiene.
Some reusable earplugs come with an attached cord, which is great for scenarios where you need to take them out and put them back in frequently. This sturdy cord allows you to easily remove your earplugs and hang them around your neck until you need to put them back in. This type of reusable hearing protection suits those frequently exposed to moderate to high noise levels, such as at work or during recreational activities like motorcycle riding.
When you use reusable earplugs, make sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper insertion, clean them regularly, and replace them if they become damaged or show signs of wear and tear.
If you are sensitive to the feeling of earplugs in your ear canal, earmuffs offer effective noise reduction by blocking the exterior of your outer ear, making them comfortable and easy to wear for extended periods. They are larger than earplugs but can be easily worn around your neck like regular headphones when not needed for hearing protection.
Earmuffs are available in a variety of sizes for both adults and children, and they are typically durable and long-lasting. However, it is important to note that they can interfere with other headgear, such as helmets or safety glasses, and may cause discomfort for some in hot or humid conditions.
Earmuffs are best used in industrial settings with continuous loud noise, including places like construction sites, transportation depots, or manufacturing facilities. To use earmuffs effectively, it’s important to ensure a snug fit over both ears, making sure they don’t interfere with any other safety gear. It’s also best to wipe them out with a damp cloth after each use to keep them in good condition and hygienic.
Custom molded earplugs offer a personalized fit that helps ensure maximum comfort and noise reduction. This makes them a premium choice for hearing protection. With proper care, custom-molded earplugs are long-lasting and durable. Therefore, they can be a worthwhile investment for those who need significant hearing protection regularly.
Any kind of custom-made ear protection requires a professional fitting and will not be suitable for sharing with others because of their individual fit. Custom earplugs are a great hearing protection option for anyone frequently exposed to high levels of sound for long periods, such as professional musicians and industrial workers. They are also popular among motorcyclists, hunters, or individuals seeking premium hearing protection.
To use them effectively, follow the wear, cleaning, and storing instructions provided by your hearing specialist, and periodically inspect them for any damage or wear and replace them when necessary.
When choosing the best hearing protection, base your decision on your unique needs, preferences, and the specific situations in which you encounter loud noises. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for use and proper care and replace them if damaged or worn out to ensure effective protection.
Remember, protecting your hearing is an investment in your long-term well-being. It’s a decision that can prevent irreversible damage and ensure that you continue to enjoy the sounds of life for years to come. Our highly experienced specialists are here to help you safeguard your hearing health. Find a hearing clinic near you today to find the best hearing protection for you.