How does metal market work?

19 Mar.,2024

 

Why trade in metals?

Since metals are used in everything from jewellery to computers or cars to industrial components, there is never a shortage of demand.

The metal trading marketplace encompasses both precious metals and industrial metals. The most commonly traded metals are gold, silver, and copper, also known as the ‘Big Three’. Gold plays a unique role in the financial marketplace since it is used as a safe haven where investors can hedge funds against inflation, as a backing device for currencies, and has a range of industrial and retail applications. Copper is known as a ‘base metal’, which denotes that it is not a precious metal. However, due to its many industrial applications, copper is a highly valuable commodity. Silver is the least traded of the Big Three, but still holds a wide range of opportunities for investors.

How does metal trading work?

Unlike trading in equities, where an investor buys and sells stocks in a given company, metals are classed as commodities, which means that an investor is putting his money behind an actual product. Where stockholders make money depending on whether the company they have invested in is profitable or not, commodities traders generally make profits depending on whether or not the price of the chosen commodity rises or falls, and what trades the investor has made based on that information.

To be successful in the metals market, investors need to be aware of a range of factors that can impact the overall prices of these commodities

How to choose a broker & open an account

The metals marketplace can be highly volatile both for industrial metals and precious metals. This volatility can result in large profits, but also brings with it a huge amount of risk. For this reason, we recommend that investors choose a reliable, professional and reputable broker to represent them in the marketplace.

Although one can find thousands of brokers via the world wide web, it is best to exercise a large amount of caution when choosing a broker. Check that your chosen broker has a good past history of profitable trades, that their reviews are favourable, and that they are properly insured and registered with the appropriate regulatory authorities. Choose your broker wisely and you will be rewarded.

How to buy and trade metal

Whether you want to use metals trading as a long term means to hedge funds against inflation or you are interested in making short term profits from day trades, industrial and precious metals can be a lucrative investment. The first step in trading metal is to decide which area you wish to trade in.

Industrial metals – also called base metals – are commonly traded via futures and options. So investors will commonly be speculating on price fluctuations in short term day trades. Precious metals offer more versatility, as investors can choose long term safe haven investments or opt for day trading in futures and options. Metal markets include COMEX and NYMEX, the London Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Nowadays, there are various ways to trade in precious metals. Two of the most popular ones online include Metal CFDs and Options.

  • CFD metals – you can trade on the price movements of metals, without being obliged to buy them. This will give you more freedom, since buying metal would involve finding someone who sells it for the price you’d like to pay, and when you sell it, you’d need to find someone who is ready to buy it for the price you want to sell it at. 
  • Options – trading metal options allows you to trade both if the price goes up and if it goes down. When buying, you speculate what price the instrument will reach by a certain time. Then, you pay a premium to the person selling the option. You can by a ‘Call’ if you predict that the price will rise, or buy a ‘Put’ if you anticipate that the currency pair price will fall. By trading options, you will only risk losing the premium.

You can trade both CFD metals and Options with EasyMarkets.

Leverage

Leveraging is a commonly used trading practice. In theory, the practice is simple: traders acquire debt in order to increase their purchasing capabilities. Typically, an investor will purchase stocks or futures using their own money. However, with leveraging, an investor can borrow money from either a broker or a financial institution to increase their buying power. If X is selling at 150 US dollars and you only have 50 US dollars, you can borrow – or leverage – another 100 US dollars to make the purchase. If you can then sell for a profit, you will have made a successful leveraged trade. If not, then you will lose your investment and still owe the leveraged amount. Use leveraging with caution.

Profit

Is trading metals profitable? There are many advantages in both the precious metals market and the base metals market. Metal trading is a great way to diversify a large portfolio. You can spread your investments across a wide range of metals and thus minimise your overall risk.

Metals can be used as both a day trading vehicle and as a means to safeguard funds against inflation, so there can be both long term and short term profits. In terms of precious metals, investors can also buy the physical properties themselves, rather than speculate on price fluctuations. Base metals are always in high demand, so this marketplace can indeed be profitable but is also highly volatile.

Tips to trade metal

If you are now interested in entering the metal trading marketplace, we would like to share with you some of our top tips. First, make sure you choose a good broker. An experienced broker can make sure your trades anticipate market fluctuations and will do most of the research and analysis for you.

Second, it makes sense to diversify heavily in metals trading. Since metals give investors the opportunity to make many different investment types, this is an excellent way to avoid risk. Third, make sure you keep a close watch on both industry developments and geopolitical events, as these can have dramatic impacts on the price of precious and base metals in the marketplace.

Choosing a metal trading style and strategy

Choosing a trading style will both increase your likelihood of profits and minimise stress. People who are more comfortable with long term and slower profits should not adopt a fast-paced, risk-laden day trading style, for example.

What style you choose depends on your own financial goals and how much risk you are comfortable with being exposed to. Are you looking to hedge funds against inflation for your retirement? Or do you want to make profits now at the risk of absorbing losses? By explaining your trading goals to an experienced broker, you will be able to find the best style for you. It may be that you have a diversified portfolio and adopt a mixture of styles.

By using analytical trading strategies, brokers and investors can anticipate market movements and price fluctuations. This helps to safeguard their investments against risk and maximise the chances of making big profits. There are a variety of strategies that experienced traders use to keep one step ahead of the metal market. Evaluating supply and demand pressures is known as ‘fundamental analysis’. Examining market patterns is known as ‘technical analysis’. Researching volume is known as ‘sentiment analysis’. Another strategy is to evaluate market trends by using what is called ‘moving averages’. These methods will increase an investor’s chances of predicting price fluctuations in the metal market. You can use the strategies yourself or simply trust your broker’s judgment.

Set your stops and limits

Minimising your exposure to risk is the key to playing the market successfully, no matter what type of commodity or equity you are trading in. Stop orders and limit orders are tools that investors use to avoid heavy losses. When you instruct your broker to make a stop order or a limit order, you are telling them that you do not want the market price of a stock. What you want is for your order to be filled when a stock hits a price you determine. Stop orders specify that a stock is traded when the price hits a less than favourable amount. A limit order is activated when a stock hits a more favourable price.

Risks

Any type of investment involves risk. Risk is inherent in every aspect of the stock market, it is unavoidable. However, investors can minimise risk simply by being aware of factors that move the particular markets they are investing in.

In the case of the metals market, investors must keep a close eye on political events that impact supply and demand, both in a global sense and in the domestic politics of producing nations, such as Australia. Geopolitical events can have a huge impact on the price of precious metals. Changes in business conditions can severely affect the price of metals, especially base metals. Currency fluctuations can also send base and precious metal prices soaring in either direction.

Conclusion

Overall, trading in precious or base metals provides a range of lucrative opportunities for smart investors. As we have said, the opportunities to diversify your portfolio in the metal market means that you can hedge against risk and adopt both long and short term positions. The highly volatile nature of the metal markets makes it attractive for investors as there are large profits to be made. However, in order to maintain liquidity, investors must keep a vigilant watch over industrial and business conditions as well as overall marketplace sentiment, major geopolitical changes and political events in metal producing companies. Simply make sure that you have a good broker and keep yourself well informed. 

Have you ever wondered how steel prices are determined? If you've ever given it any serious thought, you'll soon realize how complicated of a process it is. From calculating the cost of raw materials and transportation to analyzing supply and demand and global industry trends, establishing a benchmark to measure current and future prices against isn't exactly a walk in the park.

Thankfully in 1969, a group of industry professionals - ranging from financial analysts, economists, data scientists, and market researchers - decided to begin an independent commodity research company known as Commodities Research Unit (CRU). This group would go on to develop what is now known as "the CRU," saving us all in the metals industry a world of headaches when it comes to establishing a benchmark to measure steel prices against.

What is CRU?

Though sometimes used interchangeably, the abbreviation "CRU" and "the CRU" mean different things.

As mentioned earlier, CRU stands for Commodities Research Unit. Though originally a copper research specialist, the CRU is now a globally-renown commodities research and price-reporting agency (PRA) that assesses a variety of different commodities through market research and analysis.

Through their research, the company provides global economic price assessments for the metals, mining, and fertilizer industries by collecting and analyzing industry-specific data from across the globe. Their assessments most notably serve major mining, trading, manufacturing, construction, and financial services companies worldwide.

What is the CRU Index?

"The CRU," more formally known as the CRU Index, is the most established and trusted price benchmark in North America for U.S. Midwest Domestic Hot-Rolled Coil Steel (HRC).

In technical terms, the CRU Index is a segmented stock market index that helps investors track steel performance by comparing current steel price levels with past steel prices to calculate future market performance.

 

 

In fact, the CRU index is used as a settlement price for the Chicago Mercantile Exchange's (CME) US Midwest domestic HRC futures and options contracts and is referenced in over 95% of physical contracts for hot rolled coil in the U.S. market.

These contracts allow prices to be managed separately from physical steel supply for the current year and the following two calendar years, providing buyers and sellers a central point for price forecasting, discovery, transparency, and risk management.

Ultimately, the CRU index helps those across the entire steel supply chain, from global investors and analysts to mills and service centers, manage their businesses by having a trusted steel price benchmark to use when purchasing and selling steel.

How is the CRU Index calculated?

Just like any other commodity, the price of steel is essentially determined by market supply and demand. In other words, it's about understanding how much steel is available versus how much is being bought on a large scale. Unfortunately, this type of information isn't the easiest to access or analyze, for that matter. That's where the CRU Index comes in.

To calculate the CRU Index, CRU partners with a mix of vetted steel mills, service centers, and manufacturers to collect transactional data on a weekly basis through their CRU price collection platform (CPCP). The price is developed using only actual transactions on a Free On Board (FOB) mill-basis at a volume-weighted price.

Once collected, the data is reviewed and put through a rigorous process to create an up-to-date price assessment. The price comes out every Wednesday at 8 AM (CST) and reflects the business done during the Sunday to Saturday week before. 

For the weekly CRU Midwest Hot Roll Coil assessment, the company only considers spot prices for U.S.-made, prime, hot rolled coil measured per US ton. There are no bids, offers, or opinions taken into account during the calculation. 

Here is a breakdown of the CRU's price assessment process: 

  • CPCP Checks: The CPCP opens first thing on Friday and closes Monday at midnight (CST). As data comes in, a price analyst begins reviewing, spot-checking, and investigating any potential errors or outliers.

  • Initial Calculation: On Tuesday, the data is sent to the London headquarters, where it is further reviewed and processed by senior data managers. The data is then used to create an initial calculation, which is then sent to a principal analyst for final assessment.

  • Analyst Review: Once the analyst receives the initial calculation, they establish a range reflective of the current market - as prices are submitted, any prices in this range are automatically included.

  • Verification & Final Calculation: Once all the prices are in and run through various spot checks, the principal analyst oversees the final calculation to include all prices representative of the market. 

Steel Market Prices vs. Steel Product Prices

 

Steel market price refers to the overall cost of steel in the global market, which is influenced by a variety of factors such as supply and demand, production costs, and economic conditions. Steel product price refers to the cost of a specific steel product, such as a steel beam of a particular grade and size. 

The price of steel products can be influenced by the market price of steel as well as additional factors such as the cost of production, transportation, and distribution. Additionally, steel prices today regarding individual products can be different between regions and suppliers and may depend on the volume and type of the order.

Unless you're an economist, market analyst, or day trader, chances are you won't be too concerned with monitoring larger-scope market prices. In other words, while an economist may be studying the global price fluctuations of iron ore, a service center or manufacturer will be far more concerned with using market pricing to determine fair contract negotiations when sourcing steel from a mill. 

As a buyer, it's essential to remember that while a correlation does exist between the larger-scale market price and downstream steel material prices, the two will never be the same. Just like the price of flour may influence the price of bread, it does not determine the final cost - the same goes for hot rolled steel coil. The farther down the value-added stream you go, the more factors (e.g. labor, energy, and transport costs) will influence the final price.

 

Interested in learning more about steel? 

Download our free guide to discover some of our favorite steel facts! Inside you'll find surprising information covering:

  • Iconic steel buildings
  • Recent advances in the industry
  • Steel's impressive strengths

How does metal market work?

Understanding the CRU Index and Steel Prices

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