Because the patients in the ICU ward are different from the patients in the ordinary ward, the ward layout design, environmental requirements, bed functions, peripheral equipment, etc., are different from the ordinary ward, and the ICU of different specialties requires different equipment. The design and equipment configuration of the ward should be based on the principle of meeting the needs, facilitating rescue and reducing pollution.
For example: laminar flow equipment. The requirements of pollution prevention in ICU are relatively high. Consider using laminar flow purification facilities to reduce the chance of infection. In ICU, the temperature should be maintained at 24±1.5℃. In the ward of elderly patients, the temperature should be about 25.5℃.
In addition, the small operating room, dispensing room, and cleaning room of each ICU unit should be equipped with albedo hanging ultraviolet lamps for regular disinfection, and another ultraviolet disinfection vehicle should be equipped for regular disinfection of unmanned space.
In order to facilitate rescue and transfer, sufficient power supply should be ensured in the ICU design. It is best to have dual and emergency power supplies, and important equipment should be equipped with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
In the ICU, there should be a variety of gas pipelines at the same time, and it is best to use the center to supply oxygen, the center to supply air, and the center to pump vacuum. In particular, the central oxygen supply can ensure the continuity of a large number of oxygen inhalation for ICU patients, eliminating the need for frequent replacement of oxygen cylinders, and avoiding pollution that oxygen cylinders may bring into the ICU.
The selection of ICU beds should be suitable for the characteristics of ICU patients, and should have the following functions:
1. Multi-position adjustment can meet different clinical needs.
2. It can be controlled by foot or hand to help the patient to roll over.
3. Easy to operate and multi-directional control of bed movement.
4. Accurate weighing function. In order to closely monitor changes in fluid exchange, fat burning, sweat secretion, etc.
5. Back X-ray imaging needs to be completed in the ICU, so the backplane needs to be equipped with the X-ray box slide.
6. Can move and brake flexibly, easy to rescue and transfer.
At the same time, the headboard of each bed shall include:
1 power switch, multi-purpose power socket that can connect 6-8 plugs at the same time, 2-3 sets of central oxygen supply device, 2 sets of compressed air device, 2-3 sets of negative pressure suction device, 1 set of adjustable brightness headlamp, 1 set of emergency light. Between the two beds, a two-sided functional column shall be provided with a power outlet, equipment shelf, gas interface, calling device, etc.
Monitoring equipment is the basic equipment of ICU, the monitor can real-time and dynamic monitoring of multi-conduction ECG, blood pressure (invasive or non-invasive), respiration, blood oxygen saturation, temperature and other waveforms or parameters, and can analyze and process the measured parameters, data storage, waveform playback, etc.
When designing the ICU, consider the type of patient being monitored to select the appropriate monitor, such as cardiac ICU and infant ICU, the functional focus of the required monitor will be different.
The ICU monitoring equipment is divided into two categories: single-bed independent monitoring system and central monitoring system.
The multi-parameter central monitoring system, through the network of each bed patient bedside monitor obtained by the monitoring waveform and physiological parameters, at the same time centralized display in the central monitoring of the large screen monitor, so that medical staff can implement effective real-time monitoring of each patient.
In modern ICU, a central monitoring system is generally established.
ICU of different nature, in addition to conventional equipment and equipment, some still need to be equipped with special equipment.
For example, in the cardiac surgery ICU, it is necessary to have a continuous cardiac discharge monitor, balloon counterpulsator, blood gas analyzer, small rapid biochemical analyzer, fiberlaryngoscope, fiberbronchoscope, as well as small surgical equipment, operating lights, disinfection supplies, 2 sets of thoracotomy instruments, surgical instrument table, etc.