Who makes best LCD panels?

What Is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)?

This section provides an overview for liquid crystal displays (lcd) as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 10 liquid crystal display (lcd) manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked liquid crystal display (lcd) companies as of April, 2024: 1.SRI International, 2.Nortech Engineering, Inc., 3.Sharp Electronics Corporation.

What Is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)?

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) leverage the unique properties of liquid crystals to control light transmission and produce images. Known for their slim profile, lightweight, and energy efficiency, LCDs are prevalent in a multitude of electronic devices, offering superior color reproduction and wide viewing angles.

Uses of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)

LCDs are integral to various devices, enhancing user experience in:

• Computer monitors and televisions for their high resolution and color fidelity.
• Smartphones and tablets, offering crisp, clear displays.
• Automotive displays for dashboards and infotainment systems, requiring high visibility.
• Digital signage for advertising and information in public and commercial spaces.

Principles of LCDs

The core principles of LCD operation include:

• Liquid Crystal Cell: The fundamental unit of an LCD, composed of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between glass plates and polarizing filters.
• Control of Light: Utilizes the liquid crystal's ability to change orientation under electrical signals, affecting light polarization and transmission.
• Color Filter: Each pixel is divided into sub-pixels with red, green, and blue filters to produce color images by manipulating backlight.

How to Select LCDs

When choosing an LCD, consider:

• Resolution: The pixel count determines image clarity and detail.
• Shape: From traditional widescreen to modern ultrawide and curved formats.
• Screen Visibility: Choose between glare (brighter, more vivid) and non-glare (reduced eye strain) displays.
• Response Time: Important for applications requiring quick screen updates, like gaming.

Other Information on LCDs

LCDs also find applications in character displays for simple character-based outputs in electronic devices, operating at low voltages and simplifying character representation through internal modules.

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LC displays (LCDs) do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

LCD panel manufacturers

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Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

OLED panel manufacturers

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Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

Below are some manufacturers that make OLED light panels:

MicroLED panel manufacturers

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MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

Sony produces and sells commercial MicroLED displays called CLEDIS (Crystal-LED Integrated Displays, also called Canvas-LED) in small quantities.[31] Samsung sells a luxury and commercial product called "The Wall", which consists of several microLED display modules tiled together, like in most video walls.

Below are some manufacturers that make MicroLED light panels:

LCD panel fabrication plants

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This list lists current LCD fabrication facilities, former facilities are below this first table. LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry. Panel Inputs per month is how many substrates can a plant process per month.

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Former

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Company Plant name Plant location Plant cost (in US$ billions) Started production Substrate panel size (in generations) Process technology (TFT, IPS, LTPS, IGZO, etc.) Panel inputs per month Ceased Production Samsung, former S-LCD Asan South Korea 2005, 2007 gen 7, gen 8[74][75] 362,000[76] Late 2016, turned into amoled production[77] Chunghwa Picture Tubes Taoyuan[78] Taiwan[79] 1973 (as CRT display factory), 1995 (gen 3), 1997 (gen 4) gen 3, gen 4 TFT gen 3: 40,000, gen4: 72,600 2015, sold to giantplus and tce photomasks, gen 3 still operated by giantplus, gen 4 line sold to giantplus, equipment sold and line demolished, remainder operated by tce Panasonic Himeji[80] Japan, Himeji 2010 gen 8 TFT 2017, now makes Li-ion batteries[81][82][83]

OLED fabrication plants

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Only actual plants are listed, former plants should be placed on a table below this one.

MicroLED fabrication plants

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Only actual plants are listed, former plants should be placed on a table below this one.

Company Plant name Plant location Plant cost (in US$ billions) Started production Substrate panel size (in generations) Process technology (TFT, LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, etc.) Panel inputs per month Luumii[129] Suzhou Suzhou, China 2019 40,000 (increasing to 100,000 by the end of 2019) Leyard-Epistar[130] Wuxi, China 0.143 2023(under construction) Plessey Semiconductors Ltd[131] Plessey Semiconductors Ltd Roborough, Plymouth, United Kingdom 2018[132]

See also

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References

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