About Hydraulic Presses
The use of hydraulic presses over the traditional mechanical press has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. Until recent history, the mechanical press was the common machine for production press work. The mechanical press utilizes a rack and pinion as well as a crankshaft to achieve significant tonnage without an external power source. It wasn’t until the early 1990s that hydraulic presses became the more popular option.
Hydraulic Presses utilize hydraulic cylinders, single-direction mechanic actuators, to create compressive force. Invented in 1795 by Joseph Bramah, hydraulic systems were conceptualized by studying the movement of fluids through early toilets, which were later replaced by toilets created by Bramah.
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Hydraulics depend on Pascal's law, which basically states that when an incompressible fluid is given pressure, the pressure is applied evenly in every direction. This law allows the force generated from compressing a fluid to be utilized in moving mechanics like a piston. It was also discovered that using a smaller piston to pressurize the fluid, through which moves a larger piston, generates greater forces than using two equally-sized pistons. This is called a force multiplier and is crucial when creating a hydraulic system.
Needs
Before seeking out the best prices, you should consider the role a hydraulic press will have in your personal shop or business. Writing a full list of tasks you’d like a press to accomplish can provide a better scope of the strength, size, type, model, etc. of press you will need. Be sure to understand what a hydraulic press can do; the range of abilities are extensive. Bending, blanking, drawing, forming, molding, punching, and stamping are just some of abilities of hydraulic presses. Not all machines are capable of these actions and should be taken into consideration.
Tonnage
After considering the uses for your press, the next important question to ask is what tonnage will be required for the jobs. If you are switching from a mechanical press to a hydraulic press, the tonnage requirements will not change. Do consider, however, when choosing the right hydraulic press, you only need to know the maximum tonnage you will require for any given job. Opposed to a mechanical press, most hydraulic presses can be tuned down to a lower tonnage depending on the task.
The required tonnage to punch material (or the punching force) varies depending on three factors: perimeter of the punch, shear strength of the material, and material thickness. The tonnage can be calculated with the following equation:
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Shear strength is a measurement of the force needed to produce a sliding failure on the material along a parallel plane to the direction of the force; punching a hole in paper is an example of paper failing in shear. Shear strength is commonly measured in kilonewtons per square millimeter (kN/mm2) or pounds per square inch (PSI). All materials shear fail at different levels of force, so it is important to understand the specifications of the material you are working with. The material specifications also include the thickness of the material being handled.
Though punching is a common use for a hydraulic press, other functions also require specific tonnage in order to be effective. It is encouraged to understand the tonnage requirements for any job you plan to utilize a hydraulic press for.
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